1149c995c27b4598d51580ecfe5e98b69c328a96

Wednesday 9 November 2016

PREPOSITION OF MOVEMENT



PREPOSITION OF MOVEMENT

                                                    PREPOSITION OF MOVEMENT
 

He ran... 




across the road (from one side to another)
along the road(the length the road )
aroundthe park.
away fromthe security guard.
back tothe store.
downthe stairs.
intothe room.
offthe stage.
onto (on to)the platform.
out of the musical theater.
overthe bridge. (from one side of an open space to the other )
pastthe opening
roundthe track
throughthe tunnel
tothe door
towardsthe taxi stop
underthe tree


the stairs
     



NOW LET IS SEE THE PHRASES TRANSLATED TO PORTUGUESE

from( de, desde) indica a origem do movimento. shows the origem of the movement

I came
from South Africa last night

(Eu cheguei da africa do sul ontem à noite.)

To ( á,para, atè ) 
indica o destino, o ponto final do movimento. shows the  final movement destination
She returned to mother land
(Ela voltou para sua terra natal.)"Into" (em, dentro de): indica movimento para dentro de algum lugar. shows movement to inside some place 

Don't go into your mother's  bedroom.
(Não entre no quarto da sua mâe.)
"Out of" (fora de): indica saída de um lugar. shows the exit from a place
My Tia has not been out off the house for days.
(Há dias que minha tia não saiu de casa. )"On" (em, sobre, em cima de)
: quando o movimento finaliza sobre uma superfície.
 when the movement ends up upon a surfacethe cat lay down on the floor.
(the cat deitou-se no châo.)
"Across" (através de)
: indica movimento de um lado a outro. shows a movement from one side to another
They ran  across the road!
(Eles correu através a estrada!)
"Along" (a longo de)
: indica movimento quando vamos ao longo de uma linha. shows a movement when we  go along a line, something, someone
A fence runs along the river for safety.
(A cerca percorre ao longo do rio por segurança.)

"Down" (abaixo): para indicar declínio. to show descent 

They walked down the stairs.

(Eles desceram da escada.)

"Over" (sobre, por cima de): para falar de movimento sobre uma superfície. to speak of the movement from a place  to above  and to a surface
The cat jumped over the chair.
(O gato saltou sobre a cadeira.)



PRACTICE

  • The cat is _________ the tree
  •  He was not __________________ the road, when the car almost hit him.
  • Get ____________ my car now
  • Can you go _______ the store with me please!
  • Iam not _____________Canada, am from  Brazil

Friday 7 October 2016

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

                                            PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
                                            AT\IN\ON
                           
                                 AT- A precise  time
                                IN- Months, Years, Centuries and Long periods
                               ON-  Dates  and Days of the week


                     AT                                IN                                         ON

  • at 1 o´clock                     in June                                        on Sunday
  • at noon                            in the past                                   on Christmas day
  • at bedtime                       in the future                                on new years eve
  • at dinnertime                   in 2008                                       on the 22 of July\ on the 22nd
  • at 9:30 am                       in the next Century                    on my birthday
  • at sunrise                         in the ice age                             on the last day
  • at sunset                          in the 1980s                               on 6 April
  • at the moment                 in winter                                    on children´s day
  • at midnight                      in summer\ in the summer        on Monday
                               LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES BELOW
  • I wake up at 6:30 am on weekdays
  • The school bell rings at 8:30 am 
  • I read a book for my Children at bedtime
  • She is very busy at  the moment, please call again later.
  • We do not eat heavy food at dinnertime
  • It gets colder at sunset
  • I was bored on my birthday
  • My parents said that on the last days people will be lovers of money
  • My Mother`s birthday is on the 23 of March
  • I wont go to school on Monday 
  • I hope The cost of living would be cheaper in the next Century
  • We are no more in the 1970s, so wake up
  • If I work hard I might Graduate in 2017
  • I used to play with toys in the past, but not anymore.
notice the use of the preposition of the time at following standards expressions:
expressionsexamples
at nightThe moon shines at night
at the weekends*I work at the weekends, so tiring
at easter\ ChristmasI do not like to go to church at easter.
at the same timeWe did not finish eating at the same time
at present They are not at work at present

attention: In some varieties of English people say " on the weekends" and " on Christmas"

notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on these are common expressions

        in                                 on
in the nighton Sunday night
in the morningon Wednesday morning
in the morningson Friday mornings
in the afternoon(s)on Monday afternoon(s)
in the evening(s)on Sunday evening(s)
When we say  last, next,every,his  we do not also use  at, in, on
  • I went to Africa Last September. (not in last September)
  • My parents are coming back next weekend. (not on next weekend)
  • I do not go home every Summer. (not at every summer)
  • I will call you this evening. (not at this evening)




Wednesday 21 September 2016

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

                                  PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

WHAT IS PREPOSITION OF PLACE

A PREPOSITION OF PLACE  IS A PREPOSITION WHICH IS USED TO REFER TO A PLACE WHERE SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS LOCATED 

I wont explain these prepositions in Portuguese. NEEDED MEANINGS WILL BE HIGHLIGHTED

 The green ball, watch where the ball is (position of the ball)








  • Preposition IN: THE BALL IS IN     (DENTRO) THE BOX
  • Preposition ON: THE BALL IS ON      (EM\NA\NO)THE BOX
  • Preposition UNDER: THE BALL IS UNDER     (  DE BAIXO) THE BOX 
  • Preposition NEXT TO: THE BALL IS NEXT TO     ( AO LADO) THE BOX
  • Preposition BEHIND: the ball is behind        ( ATRÁS) the box
  • Preposition  IN FRONT OF: THE BALL IS IN FRONT OF    ( EM FRENTE DE) THE BOX
  • Preposition BETWEEN: THE BALL IS BETWEEN     ( ENTRE) THE BOX
                 SOME PREPOSITIONS THAT MEAN THE SAME THING 

  1. NEXT TO = BESIDE           ( AO LADO)
  2. BELOW = BENEATH          (ABAIXO)
  3. CLOSE TO\ BY =   NEAR      (   PERTO \ DE \DA) 
  4. IN = INSIDE        (DENTRO \ DE\ DA)
  5. BETWEEN = AMONG  ( ENTRE)
  6. UNDER = UNDERNEATH  ( DE BAIXO)
  7. ON = ONTOP OF  (EM CIMA)
  8. BEHIND = IN THE BACK OF ( ATRÁS)
  9. ABOVE = OVER  (ACIMA\ SOBRE)  IS USED WHEN TWO OBJECTS ARE NOT TOUCHING
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE USING THE IMAGE BELOW






  • THE CURTAINS ARE--------------------------- THE WINDOW
  • THE WINDOW IS---------------------------------- THE CURTAINS
  • THE LAMP  IS----------------------------------- THE BOOKSHELF
  • THE T-SHIRT IS---------------------------- THE FLOOR
  • THE BOOK IS -------------- THE DESK
  • THE SHOES ARE ------------------ THE DRAWER
  • THE PORTRAIT IS ABOVE  THE BED
  • THE CHAIR IS --------------------------- THE DESK
  • THE NIGHT STAND IS -------------------------------- THE DESK
  • THE LAMP IS ----------------------------------THE NIGHT STAND
  • THE T-SHIRT ------------------------------THE CHAIR
  • THERE ARE BOOKS ---------------------THE SHELF
                                                         ABOVE AND BELOW



UNDER AND BELOW

HOW TO USE CLOSE TO\ BY \NEAR


These words all mean the same thing - that the distance between the two object is small.
careful not to use the "close to" is the only one that uses the word " to.
It is incorrect to say: The ball is nearby the Tree  or the ball is near to the tree

  • The ball is close to the tree
  • The ball is near the tree
  • The ball is by the tree
Nearby is used without a direct object. it is generally used at the end of a sentence or phrase.
  • The ball is nearby the tree
  • There´s a tree with a ball nearby
























Sunday 21 August 2016

Como formar o tempo passado em Inglês

Como  formar o tempo passado em Inglês

 só há uma forma  no passado
A exceção é o tempo passado de To be: was and were) e tem duas formas
Isso é totalmente diferente de outros idiomas, como espanhol, francês, italiano etc. onde você mudar o verbo final para cada assunto.
 Por exemplo: O passado do verbo want is wanted.
Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.
  • I wanted
  • You wanted
  • He wanted
  • She wanted
  • It wanted
  • We wanted
  • They wanted
Então, você apenas tem que aprender uma palavra para ser capaz de usá-lo no passado. Neste caso, è necessário  aprender uma palavra wanted. que pode ser usado para todos os indivíduos (ou pessoas)
Verbos Regulares 
To change a regular verb into its past tense form, we normally add –ED to the end of the verb.
  • play – played
  • cook – cooked
  • rain – rained
  • wait – waited
Há algumas exceções com uma ligeira mudança na ortografia que você pode ver aqui:
soletrando palavras que terminam

A regra geral quando se muda uma palavra (or verb) into its -ED formulário é apenas para add -ED no final do verbo
InfinitiveED form
to playplayed
to waitwaited
to workworked
to rainrained
  • He played with his cat in the backyard.
  • waited for her to invite me.
  • She worked until late last night.
  • It rained all day.

Spelling Exceptions

 Existem as seguintes exceções ao soletrar palavras que terminam em ED:
1). .Se uma palavra termina em um E nós apenas adicionar o D no final
InfinitiveED form
to livelived
to loveloved
to smilesmiled
to dancedanced
  • lived in Brazil for two years and then moved to Thailand.
  • loved the surprise you had for my mother.
  • He smiled when he saw his son come through the door.
  • They danced until their feet hurt.
2)Se a palavra termina em uma consoante + vogal + Consonant., dobramos a consoante final e adicionar  ED.
InfinitiveED form
to stopstopped
to admitadmitted
to planplanned
to referreferred
to commitcommitted
  • The policeman stopped the thief from escaping.
  • He admitted that he was wrong.
  • We planned a surprise birthday party for his wife.
  • referred the students to the website where they could practice some more.
  • They committed a serious crime and will end up in jail.
3).Se um verbo de duas sílabas termina em consoante + vogal + consoante, e DO NOT dobrar a consoante final na primeira sílaba.
InfinitiveED form
to happenhappened
to enterentered
to offeroffered
to suffersuffered
  • What happened?
  • entered through the front  door.
  • She was offered a new position with a lower salary.
  • Many people  suffered from a lack of food and water during earthquake in haite.
4). MAS, não dobrar a consoante final quando a palavra termina em W, X or Y 
InfinitiveED form
to fixfixed
to enjoyenjoyed
to snowsnowed
  • He fixed his car
  • We enjoyed our time in the North of peru.
  • It snowed yesterday.
5). If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + L, we normally double the final L and add ED.
Note: In the United States (US) they DO NOT double the L when the accent is on the first syllable.
InfinitiveED form
(UK)
ED form
(US)
to traveltravelledtraveled
to marvelmarveledmarveled
  • I traveled around South America in 2012.
  • Her beauty marveled us.

Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the past tense

  • Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.
  • She kissed me on the cheek.
  • It rained yesterday.
  • Angela watched TV all night.
  • John wanted to go to the museum.

Negative sentences in the Past Tense

Usamos did not (don`t) para fazer uma sentença negativa no passado.
Isto é para verbos regulares e irregulares em Inglês.
(Exceção é To be e verbos modais, como can)
Compare o seguinte:
Present: They don't live in Chile.
Past: They didn't live in Chile.
The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The auxiliary DIDN'T shows that the sentence is negative AND in the past tense.
AVISO: A única diferença entre uma sentença negativa no tempo presente e uma sentença negativa no passado é a variação do verbo auxiliar

juntos don`t e doesn`t  viram  didn't no passado
Comparar as frases negativas nos exemplos abaixo:
Present: You don't need a doctor.
Past: You didn't need a doctor.
Present: You don't drive to work.
Past: You didn't drive to work.
Present: He doesn't speak Arabic.
Past: He didn't speak Arabic.

Examples of negative sentences in the Past Tense

  • didn't want to go to school.
  • She didn't have time to pay her bills.
  • You didn't close the door when you left.
  • He didn't come to my party last weekend.
  • They didn't study  hard so they didn't pass the test.
  • We didn't sleep well last night , because of the party next door.


Questions in the Past Tense

. Usamos DID para fazer uma pergunta no passado
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)
Compare o seguinte:
Present: Do they live in France?
Past: Did they live in France?
The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The auxiliary DID shows that the question is in the past tense.
NOTICE: The only difference between a question in the present tense and a question in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both Do - Does in present tense questions become Didn't in past tense questions.
Compare the questions in the examples below:
Present: Do you need a doctor?
Past: Did you need a doctor?
Present: Do you ride your bike to school?
Past: Did you ride your bike to school?
Present: Does he live in Germany?
Past: Did he live in Germany?
We can also use a question words (Who, What, Why etc.) before DID to ask for more information.
  • Did you study? – Yes, I did.
  • When did you study? – I studied last night.
  • Where did you study? – I studied at the library.

Examples of Questions in the Past Tense

  • Did you go to school yesterday?
  • Did they arrive on time?
  • Did she like the surprise party?
  • Where did she go yesterday?
  • What did you do last night?
  • What did you say? - I didn't say anything.
  • Why did we have to come?

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense

Irregular verbs are ONLY irregular in affirmative/positive sentences.
(An exception to this is with the verb TO BE in the past.
For example: The past tense of GO is WENT.
It does not end in –ED so it is considered irregular.
The word went is used for all subjects – I, you, we, they, he, she, it.
  • went to the beach with friends
  • He went to the park.
  • She went to the zoo.
  • They went to the library.
BUT, as we mentioned before, it is only in its irregular form (went) in sentences that are affirmative/positive.
Compare the following using GO in the past tense.
  • They went to the beach
  • They didn't go to the beach --- Didn't shows that we are talking in the past tense.
  • Did they go to the beach? --- Did shows that we are talking in the past tense.
Another example with an irregular verb.
The past of EAT is ATE.
  • You ate my lunch.
  • You didn't eat my lunch.
  • Did you eat my lunch?



The Simple Past Tense, often just called the Past Tense, is easy to use in English.
Se você já sabe como usar o Tense Present, em seguida, o tempo passado será fácil

O tempo presente simples em Inglês é usado para descrever uma ação que é regular, verdadeiro ou normal.

Nós usamos o tempo presente:
1. Para ações repetidas ou regulares no presente período de tempo.
  • take the bus to the office.
  • The bus to Berlin leaves every hour.
  • Jack sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. Para fatos.
  • The OBAMA lives in The White House.
  • A cow has four legs.
  • We come from  Africa.
3. Para hábitos.
  • get up early every Sundays.
  • Carol brushes her teeth three times a day.
  • They travel to their country house every month.
4.Para que as coisas que estão sempre / geralmente verdade.
  • It rains a lot in summer.
  • The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
  • They speak French at work.

Conjugação de verbos e ortografia

Formamos o tempo presente através do formulário de base do infinitivo (sem  TO).


Em geral, na terceira pessoa somarmos 'S' na terceira pessoa.

SubjectVerbThe Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theyspeak / learnEnglish at school
he / she / itspeaks / learnsEnglish at school
:A ortografia para o verbo na terceira pessoa é diferente dependendo do final do verbo:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
  • go – goes
  • catch – catches
  • wash – washes
  • kiss – kisses
  • fix – fixes
  • buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
  • marry – marries
  • study – studies
  • carry – carries
  • worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
  • play – plays
  • enjoy – enjoys
  • say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

 Para fazer uma sentença negativa em Inglês normalmente usamos don`t, ou doesn`t, com todos os verbos EXCETO Verb To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).
  • Affirmative: You speak French.
    Negative: You don't speak French.
You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is Iyouwe or they.Você vai ver que acrescentamos don`t entre o sujeito e o verbo. Usamos don`t quando o assunto é que I, You, We ou They.
  • Affirmative: He speaks Portuguese.
    Negative: He doesn't speak Portuguese.
.Quando o assunto é he, she ou it, acrescentamos doesn`t entre o sujeito e o verbo para fazer uma sentença negativa. Observe que a letra S no final do verbo na frase afirmativa (porque é na terceira pessoa) desaparece na sentença negativa. Vamos ver a razão pela qual a seguir.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
don't like chicken stew = I do not like chicken stew.
Não há diferença de significado que normalmente usamos contrações em Inglês falado.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

O seguinte é a ordem das palavras para construir uma sentença negativa básica em Inglês na Tense Present usando Don't or Doesn't.
Subjectdon't/doesn'tVerb*The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theydon'thave / buy
eat / like etc.
cereal for breakfast
he / she / itdoesn't
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:
  • You don't speak Arabic.
  • John doesn't speak Italian.
  • We don't have time for a rest.
  • It doesn't move.
  • They don't want to go to the hearing.
  • She doesn't like fish.
In general, the Past Tense is used to talk about something that started and finished at a definite time in the past. 


Have - Has - Go - Goes



Conjugação de Have e Go

To Have = Para mostrar a possessão / a qualidade
To Go = para mostrar o movimento (de viagem) em uma direção específica

SubjectTo HaveThe Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theyhavean old car.
he / she / ithasa new bike.

SubjectTo GoThe Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theygoto school every day.
he / she / itgoesto the movies on sundays.
Geralmente nós só adicionar 'S' a um verbo quando conjugá-lo na terceira pessoa, mas observe como To Have and To Go são um pouco irregular (embora eles ainda tanto fim em S).

Have and Go in Negative Sentences

Para fazer uma sentença negativa em Inglês com To Have and To Go utilizamos Don't or Doesn't  seguido por Have or Go  (never has ou Goes)
Affirmative: You have a pencil.
Negative: You don't have a pencil.
You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is Iyouwe or they.
Affirmative: He has a pencil.
Negative: He doesn't have a pencil.
When the subject is heshe or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that we don't use the normal third person conjugation (has, goes) in negative sentences. We use the base form of the infinitive as seen below.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

O seguinte é a ordem das palavras para construir uma sentença negativa básica em Inglês na Tense Present usando Don't or Doesn't.
Subjectdon't/doesn'tTo Have*The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theydon'thavecereal for lunch.
he / she / itdoesn't

Subjectdon't/doesn'tTo Go*The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theydon'tgoto work every day.
he / she / itdoesn't
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Have:
  • You don't have a clue.
  • John doesn't have many good friends.
  • We don't have time for a rest , there is still much to do.
  • It doesn't have four wheels, it has three.
  • They don't have the correct answers.
  • She doesn't have a nice prom dress.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Go:
  • You don't go to school.
  • John doesn't go to parties.
  • We don't go to work on the weekend.
  • It doesn't go fast.
  • They don't go to the beach.
  • She doesn't go to church at all.