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Sunday 21 August 2016

Como formar o tempo passado em Inglês

Como  formar o tempo passado em Inglês

 só há uma forma  no passado
A exceção é o tempo passado de To be: was and were) e tem duas formas
Isso é totalmente diferente de outros idiomas, como espanhol, francês, italiano etc. onde você mudar o verbo final para cada assunto.
 Por exemplo: O passado do verbo want is wanted.
Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.
  • I wanted
  • You wanted
  • He wanted
  • She wanted
  • It wanted
  • We wanted
  • They wanted
Então, você apenas tem que aprender uma palavra para ser capaz de usá-lo no passado. Neste caso, è necessário  aprender uma palavra wanted. que pode ser usado para todos os indivíduos (ou pessoas)
Verbos Regulares 
To change a regular verb into its past tense form, we normally add –ED to the end of the verb.
  • play – played
  • cook – cooked
  • rain – rained
  • wait – waited
Há algumas exceções com uma ligeira mudança na ortografia que você pode ver aqui:
soletrando palavras que terminam

A regra geral quando se muda uma palavra (or verb) into its -ED formulário é apenas para add -ED no final do verbo
InfinitiveED form
to playplayed
to waitwaited
to workworked
to rainrained
  • He played with his cat in the backyard.
  • waited for her to invite me.
  • She worked until late last night.
  • It rained all day.

Spelling Exceptions

 Existem as seguintes exceções ao soletrar palavras que terminam em ED:
1). .Se uma palavra termina em um E nós apenas adicionar o D no final
InfinitiveED form
to livelived
to loveloved
to smilesmiled
to dancedanced
  • lived in Brazil for two years and then moved to Thailand.
  • loved the surprise you had for my mother.
  • He smiled when he saw his son come through the door.
  • They danced until their feet hurt.
2)Se a palavra termina em uma consoante + vogal + Consonant., dobramos a consoante final e adicionar  ED.
InfinitiveED form
to stopstopped
to admitadmitted
to planplanned
to referreferred
to commitcommitted
  • The policeman stopped the thief from escaping.
  • He admitted that he was wrong.
  • We planned a surprise birthday party for his wife.
  • referred the students to the website where they could practice some more.
  • They committed a serious crime and will end up in jail.
3).Se um verbo de duas sílabas termina em consoante + vogal + consoante, e DO NOT dobrar a consoante final na primeira sílaba.
InfinitiveED form
to happenhappened
to enterentered
to offeroffered
to suffersuffered
  • What happened?
  • entered through the front  door.
  • She was offered a new position with a lower salary.
  • Many people  suffered from a lack of food and water during earthquake in haite.
4). MAS, não dobrar a consoante final quando a palavra termina em W, X or Y 
InfinitiveED form
to fixfixed
to enjoyenjoyed
to snowsnowed
  • He fixed his car
  • We enjoyed our time in the North of peru.
  • It snowed yesterday.
5). If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + L, we normally double the final L and add ED.
Note: In the United States (US) they DO NOT double the L when the accent is on the first syllable.
InfinitiveED form
(UK)
ED form
(US)
to traveltravelledtraveled
to marvelmarveledmarveled
  • I traveled around South America in 2012.
  • Her beauty marveled us.

Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the past tense

  • Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.
  • She kissed me on the cheek.
  • It rained yesterday.
  • Angela watched TV all night.
  • John wanted to go to the museum.

Negative sentences in the Past Tense

Usamos did not (don`t) para fazer uma sentença negativa no passado.
Isto é para verbos regulares e irregulares em Inglês.
(Exceção é To be e verbos modais, como can)
Compare o seguinte:
Present: They don't live in Chile.
Past: They didn't live in Chile.
The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The auxiliary DIDN'T shows that the sentence is negative AND in the past tense.
AVISO: A única diferença entre uma sentença negativa no tempo presente e uma sentença negativa no passado é a variação do verbo auxiliar

juntos don`t e doesn`t  viram  didn't no passado
Comparar as frases negativas nos exemplos abaixo:
Present: You don't need a doctor.
Past: You didn't need a doctor.
Present: You don't drive to work.
Past: You didn't drive to work.
Present: He doesn't speak Arabic.
Past: He didn't speak Arabic.

Examples of negative sentences in the Past Tense

  • didn't want to go to school.
  • She didn't have time to pay her bills.
  • You didn't close the door when you left.
  • He didn't come to my party last weekend.
  • They didn't study  hard so they didn't pass the test.
  • We didn't sleep well last night , because of the party next door.


Questions in the Past Tense

. Usamos DID para fazer uma pergunta no passado
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)
Compare o seguinte:
Present: Do they live in France?
Past: Did they live in France?
The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The auxiliary DID shows that the question is in the past tense.
NOTICE: The only difference between a question in the present tense and a question in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both Do - Does in present tense questions become Didn't in past tense questions.
Compare the questions in the examples below:
Present: Do you need a doctor?
Past: Did you need a doctor?
Present: Do you ride your bike to school?
Past: Did you ride your bike to school?
Present: Does he live in Germany?
Past: Did he live in Germany?
We can also use a question words (Who, What, Why etc.) before DID to ask for more information.
  • Did you study? – Yes, I did.
  • When did you study? – I studied last night.
  • Where did you study? – I studied at the library.

Examples of Questions in the Past Tense

  • Did you go to school yesterday?
  • Did they arrive on time?
  • Did she like the surprise party?
  • Where did she go yesterday?
  • What did you do last night?
  • What did you say? - I didn't say anything.
  • Why did we have to come?

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense

Irregular verbs are ONLY irregular in affirmative/positive sentences.
(An exception to this is with the verb TO BE in the past.
For example: The past tense of GO is WENT.
It does not end in –ED so it is considered irregular.
The word went is used for all subjects – I, you, we, they, he, she, it.
  • went to the beach with friends
  • He went to the park.
  • She went to the zoo.
  • They went to the library.
BUT, as we mentioned before, it is only in its irregular form (went) in sentences that are affirmative/positive.
Compare the following using GO in the past tense.
  • They went to the beach
  • They didn't go to the beach --- Didn't shows that we are talking in the past tense.
  • Did they go to the beach? --- Did shows that we are talking in the past tense.
Another example with an irregular verb.
The past of EAT is ATE.
  • You ate my lunch.
  • You didn't eat my lunch.
  • Did you eat my lunch?



The Simple Past Tense, often just called the Past Tense, is easy to use in English.
Se você já sabe como usar o Tense Present, em seguida, o tempo passado será fácil

O tempo presente simples em Inglês é usado para descrever uma ação que é regular, verdadeiro ou normal.

Nós usamos o tempo presente:
1. Para ações repetidas ou regulares no presente período de tempo.
  • take the bus to the office.
  • The bus to Berlin leaves every hour.
  • Jack sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. Para fatos.
  • The OBAMA lives in The White House.
  • A cow has four legs.
  • We come from  Africa.
3. Para hábitos.
  • get up early every Sundays.
  • Carol brushes her teeth three times a day.
  • They travel to their country house every month.
4.Para que as coisas que estão sempre / geralmente verdade.
  • It rains a lot in summer.
  • The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
  • They speak French at work.

Conjugação de verbos e ortografia

Formamos o tempo presente através do formulário de base do infinitivo (sem  TO).


Em geral, na terceira pessoa somarmos 'S' na terceira pessoa.

SubjectVerbThe Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theyspeak / learnEnglish at school
he / she / itspeaks / learnsEnglish at school
:A ortografia para o verbo na terceira pessoa é diferente dependendo do final do verbo:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
  • go – goes
  • catch – catches
  • wash – washes
  • kiss – kisses
  • fix – fixes
  • buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
  • marry – marries
  • study – studies
  • carry – carries
  • worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
  • play – plays
  • enjoy – enjoys
  • say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

 Para fazer uma sentença negativa em Inglês normalmente usamos don`t, ou doesn`t, com todos os verbos EXCETO Verb To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).
  • Affirmative: You speak French.
    Negative: You don't speak French.
You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is Iyouwe or they.Você vai ver que acrescentamos don`t entre o sujeito e o verbo. Usamos don`t quando o assunto é que I, You, We ou They.
  • Affirmative: He speaks Portuguese.
    Negative: He doesn't speak Portuguese.
.Quando o assunto é he, she ou it, acrescentamos doesn`t entre o sujeito e o verbo para fazer uma sentença negativa. Observe que a letra S no final do verbo na frase afirmativa (porque é na terceira pessoa) desaparece na sentença negativa. Vamos ver a razão pela qual a seguir.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
don't like chicken stew = I do not like chicken stew.
Não há diferença de significado que normalmente usamos contrações em Inglês falado.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

O seguinte é a ordem das palavras para construir uma sentença negativa básica em Inglês na Tense Present usando Don't or Doesn't.
Subjectdon't/doesn'tVerb*The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theydon'thave / buy
eat / like etc.
cereal for breakfast
he / she / itdoesn't
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:
  • You don't speak Arabic.
  • John doesn't speak Italian.
  • We don't have time for a rest.
  • It doesn't move.
  • They don't want to go to the hearing.
  • She doesn't like fish.
In general, the Past Tense is used to talk about something that started and finished at a definite time in the past. 


Have - Has - Go - Goes



Conjugação de Have e Go

To Have = Para mostrar a possessão / a qualidade
To Go = para mostrar o movimento (de viagem) em uma direção específica

SubjectTo HaveThe Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theyhavean old car.
he / she / ithasa new bike.

SubjectTo GoThe Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theygoto school every day.
he / she / itgoesto the movies on sundays.
Geralmente nós só adicionar 'S' a um verbo quando conjugá-lo na terceira pessoa, mas observe como To Have and To Go são um pouco irregular (embora eles ainda tanto fim em S).

Have and Go in Negative Sentences

Para fazer uma sentença negativa em Inglês com To Have and To Go utilizamos Don't or Doesn't  seguido por Have or Go  (never has ou Goes)
Affirmative: You have a pencil.
Negative: You don't have a pencil.
You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is Iyouwe or they.
Affirmative: He has a pencil.
Negative: He doesn't have a pencil.
When the subject is heshe or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that we don't use the normal third person conjugation (has, goes) in negative sentences. We use the base form of the infinitive as seen below.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

O seguinte é a ordem das palavras para construir uma sentença negativa básica em Inglês na Tense Present usando Don't or Doesn't.
Subjectdon't/doesn'tTo Have*The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theydon'thavecereal for lunch.
he / she / itdoesn't

Subjectdon't/doesn'tTo Go*The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / theydon'tgoto work every day.
he / she / itdoesn't
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Have:
  • You don't have a clue.
  • John doesn't have many good friends.
  • We don't have time for a rest , there is still much to do.
  • It doesn't have four wheels, it has three.
  • They don't have the correct answers.
  • She doesn't have a nice prom dress.
Examples of Negative Sentences with Go:
  • You don't go to school.
  • John doesn't go to parties.
  • We don't go to work on the weekend.
  • It doesn't go fast.
  • They don't go to the beach.
  • She doesn't go to church at all.

CAN E CAN NOT



CAN - CANNOT - CAN`T
Can é um verbo modal.
Can é usado para expressar a capacidade ou para dizer que algo é possível.
Can é o mesmo para todos os sujeitos. Nós não adicionamos um "S" na terceira pessoa (como outros verbos)
O verbo que vem depois Can está no infinitivo sem TO:
  • I can speak ITALIAN. (= it is possible for me to speak ITALIAN = I have the ability to speak ITALIAN)
  • He can SWIM well.
  • We can see our neighbor`s in the garden.
  • They can play the guitar.
For more uses of Can see: Modal Verbs: Can - Could

Negative

Para formar o negativo nós adicionamos "not" depois de lata para formar uma palavra: cannot.
We can also contract the negative to form can't. (can't = cannot)
  • cannot play the guitar. We can't go to the cinema tonight.
  • She cannot speak French very well. He can't ride a bike.

Questions

Para a partir da pergunta que mudar a posição do sujeito eo verbo auxiliar.

O verbo principal ainda está no infinitivo sem to.
  • Where can I buy an ice-cream?
  • Can go to the wedding, please?
  • Can you speak Japanese?
  • What can we do on Sunday?
Remember that you can use short answers:
  • Can I sit here please? Yes, you can.
  • Can you speak Chinese? No, I can't.

Impersonal Can

Sometimes You can and Can you…? are impersonal and refer to people in general.
  • You can see many stars at night from here. (= people in general can see many stars)
It doesn't necessarily refer to you but people in general.
  • You can't run naked in public or in the middle of the street.

explicaçâo WILL e WONT


.Nós normalmente usamos WILL para falar sobre o futuro. É sempre combinado com outro verbo
Since WILL is classified as a modal verb (like can, would, could, should) it has the same characteristics:
  1. It does not change in the third person (i.e. he, she, it)
  2. It is always combined with another verb in the base form (i.e. without 'to')
  3. We don't use it with 'Do OR Does' in questions or negatives.

MODAL plus verb
  • I will play -   eu jogarei
  • I will visit -  eu visitarei
  • He will cook - ela vai cozinhar
  • She will clean  - ela vai limpar
  • He will pay  - ele vai pagar
  • He will confess - ele vai confessar
  • it will drink ( it! e usada para objetos , animais e coisas) ele vai beber
  • It will function - ele vai funcionar bem
  • We will come - viremos
  • We will stay - nós vamos ficar
  • They will read - eles vão ler
  • They will travel - eles vão viajar




Examples of Will: 
  • will go to the cinema tonight. \ Eu vou ao cinema
  • He will play soccer tomorrow. \ eu vou jogar futebol amanhã
  • She will be happy with her mother`s recovery .\ela vai ser feliz, com a recuperação de sua mãe
  • They will take the bus to the east this week\.eles vão tomar um vôos para o leste esta semana

When to use WILL

Usamos WILL nas seguintes circunstâncias:
1. Para as coisas que decidimos fazer agora. (decisões rápidas)
Isto é quando você tomar uma decisão naquele momento, de uma forma espontânea.
  • I'll call a  doctor  calm down.
  • I think we'll go right now. (I just decided this right now)
  • Which one? Um, I will have the beef sandwich please.
2.Quando pensamos ou acreditar em algo sobre o futuro. (Predição)
Isto pode ser baseada no julgamento pessoal ou opinião.
  • The President will not be re-elected at the next election.
  • I think it will  not rain later so drop this umbrella with you.
  • I think you will find the movie interesting.
Observe como você costuma usar "Eu acho ..." antes de subject + will.
3.Para fazer uma oferta, uma promessa ou uma ameaça.
  • You look tired. I'll finish the washing for you.
  • will do my best to talk to him.
  • If you say anything I will deal with  you!
  • will have it ready by next week.
  • I'll drive you to the hospital if you want.
  • Don't worry, I won't tell your parents. (won't = will not)
4. Para um hábito que é um comportamento previsível
  • My son will fall asleep as soon as she finishes eating.
  • He will give up if he starts losing. He always does that.
5. Você usa WON`T  Quando alguém se recusa a fazer algo
  • I told him to clean his SHOES but he won't do it.
  • MY MOTHER won't listen to anything I say.

Negative Sentences with WILL

In the negative, we add NOT to the end of WILL and not to the main verb. (= will not)
Examples:
  • will not be in the CINEMA tomorrow. (correct)
    will be not in the CINEMA tomorrow. (Incorrect)
  • They will not stay here. (correct)
    They will stay not here. (Incorrect)

Contractions

It is possible to use contractions in both positive and negative sentences.
With positive contractions WILL becomes 'LL and is joined to the subject:
Positive
Contraction
I willI'll
You willyou'll
He willhe'll
She willshe'll
It willit'll
We willwe'll
You willyou'll
They willthey'll

With negative contractions, will not becomes won't:
Negative
Contraction
I will notI won't
You will notyou won't
He will nothe won't
She will notshe won't
It will notit won't
We will notwe won't
You will notyou won't
They will notthey won't

Questions

To form a question using WILL, we reverse the order of the subject and WILL:
AffirmativeHewillbehere tomorrow.
 SubjectWILLVerb
 
QuestionWillhebehere tomorrow?
 WILLSubjectVerb

Examples:
Will they win the cup?
- Yes, they will.
- No, they won't.
Will you tell him ?
- Yes, I will.
- No, I won't.
Will she get angry?
- Yes, she will.
- No, she won't.

WOULD E WOULD NOT GRAMMAR

Seria mais um verbo auxiliar? Que tempo verbal acomoda esse tal de WOULD
Bom, muitas devem ser as perguntas que estão passando pelas cabeças dos internautas.
 como usar WOULD.(SERIA)
 I WOULD - YOU WOULD - SHE WOULD - HE WOULD - IT WOULD - WE WOULD - THEY WOULD
I WOULD NOT - YOU WOULD NOT - SHE WOULD NOT- HE WOULD NOT- IT WOULD NOT- WE WOULD NOT - THEY WOULD NOT
→ Não entrarei em detalhes agora sobre todos os verbos modais, mas apenas sobre o verbo modal WOULD
Digamos que lhe seja apresentada uma condição/ situação hipotética na qual lhe é direcionado uma pergunta sobre o que você faria, como reagiria, qual seria sua decisão, enfim qual seria a sua reação diante do novo evento que lhe foi apresentado.
No bom Português, fazemos perguntas como: o que você faria? O que você diria?
Dê uma olhada na figura desse artigo! Imagine o que você faria…..
Podemos muito bem dizer: iria fazer ou então faria como em “compraria” ou “iria comprar”.
Simplesmente, facilitamos as coisas e juntamos a terminação (ria/iria) 
Para fazer isso no Inglês, adotamos a sequência WOULD + VERBO
Veja:  se você fosse Ronaldinho o que faria?
No Inglês, caso quiséssemos responder, adotaríamos WOULD para a nossa resposta. 
Como em: I would buy a Ferrari. 
Ao pé da letra: Eu compraria uma Ferrari ou Eu iria comprar uma Ferrari.
Assim como os outros verbos auxiliares, o modal verb WOULD atuou sobre o verbo to buy realizando uma alteração no sentido, como se adicionasse iria ao verbo, ou seja, se trata de apenas de uma situação hipotética. verbo modal WOULD deverá sempre estar acompanhado de um verbo. 

Nos próximos artigos veremos possíveis combinações.
Veja mais alguns exemplos:
Ex: If I had a million dollars I would travel TO Ireland
Ex: I would love to talk to you again Miss Patricia.
Ex: would tell her to go to school.
“Would” pode ser usado: Para perguntas sobre possibilidades. Exemplos: “How would you do that?” (Como você faria isso?) “What would you do if…?” (O que você faria se…?) Para fazer um pedido educado ou oferecer algo. Exemplos: “Would you like some tea?” (Você gostaria de chá?) “Would you help me, please?” (Você me ajudaria, por favor?) Em situações hipotéticas. Exemplos: “If I had a lot of Money, I would like to own a farm one day.” (Se eu tivesse muito dinheiro, eu gostaria de ter uma fazenda um dia.) “I would love to buy a boat.” (Eu adoraria comprar um barco - 
would is the past tense form of will. Because it is a past tense it is used:
  • to talk about the past.
  • to talk about hypotheses – things that are imagined rather than true.
  • for politeness.
  • Willingness


    We use would as the past tense of will:
    • to talk about what people wanted to do or were willing to do:
    We had a terrible night. The baby wouldn’t go to sleep. He kept waking up and crying.
    Dad wouldn’t lend me the money, so we had to take the subway.
    • to talk about something that we did often in the past because we wanted to do it:
    When they were children they used to spend their holidays at their grandmother’s at the seaside. They would get up early every morning and they’d have a quick breakfast then theywould run across the road to the beach.

    Conditionals


    We use would to talk about hypotheses, about something which is possible but not real:
    • to talk about the result or effect of a possible situation:
    It would be very expensive to stay in a hotel.
    • in conditionals with words like if and what if. In these sentences the main verb is usually in thepast tense:
    would give her a call if I could find her number.
    If I had the money I'd buy a new car.
    You would lose weight if you took more exercise.
    If he got a new job he would probably make more money.
    What if he lost his job. What would happen then
  • Conditionals


    We use would to talk about hypotheses, about something which is possible but not real:
    • to talk about the result or effect of a possible situation:
    It would be very expensive to stay in a hotel.
    • in conditionals with words like if and what if. In these sentences the main verb is usually in the past tense:
    would give her a call if I could find her number.
    If I had the money I'd buy a new car.
    You would lose weight if you took more exercise.
    If he got a new job he would probably make more money.
    What if he lost his job. What would happen then
  • Phrases with would:

    • would you…would you mind (not) -ing, for requests:
    Would you carry the books for me please?
    Would you mind painting this?
    Would you mind not talking to him t?
    • would you like ...would you like to ...,  for offers and invitations:
    Would you like to come round later today?
    Would you like another drink?
    • I would like …I’d like … (you)(to) ..., to say what we want or what we want to do:
    I’d like that one please.
    I’d like to go home now.
    • I would thinkI would imagineI'd guess, to give an opinion when we are not sure or when we want to be polite:
    It’s very difficult I would imagine.
    I would say that’s the right answer.